leaf spot of maize ppt

Brown spot of rice caused by Bipolaris oryzae (telemorph=Cochliobolus miyabeanus) is of worldwide occurrence and is known to cause substantial quantitative and qualitative losses in grain yield. Crop: Ragi, Scientific Name: Eleusine coracana Family: Graminae : BLAST : SEEDLING BLIGHT/LEAF BLIGHT/LEAF SPOT : FOOT ROT/WILT : SMUT : DOWNY MILDEW Prabhakaran Nair, in The Agronomy and Economy of Turmeric and Ginger, 2013. 14 R4 Dough 24 to 28 days after silking . Swarms of adult beetles move into a crop and feed on foliage, tassels, silks and the husk at the top of the cob. The causal agent of bacterial leaf spot of English ivy and other Araliaceae species is X. hortorum pv. 13 R3 Milk 18 to 22 days after silking . The major diseases are: four foliar diseases, two pre‐flowering and three post‐flowering stalk rots, four downy mildews and two sheath diseases. 5.1 Various stages of maize plant (A) Seedling stage It is the initial stage of maize plant with 2-4 leaves after the emergence. nov., Myrothecium roridum, Pyricularia curcumae, and Pestalotiopsis sp. Pathogen Exserohilum turcicum (Helminthosporium turcicum) Symptoms ; Lesions are long (1-8 inches), elliptical in shape, grayish-green or tan ; Severe infection can lead to death of the leaf 7 V9 Nine Leaf Stage . Several fungi, namely Phaeodactylium alpiniae, Thirumalacharia curcumae, Phyllosticta zingiberii, Phaeorobillarda curcumae, Cercospora curcumae-longae sp. Crop: Maize, Scientific name: Zea mays Family: Poaceae Downy mildew / Crazy top : Leaf Blight : Charcoal rot : Rust Lal BB; Chakravarti BP, 1977. Stalk rots are the most serious and widespread group of the diseases in maize. Early identification is crucial to effective management of bacterial leaf spot disease. Northern corn leaf spot is favored by high humidity and warm weather. It takes 1-2 weeks' time after the seed plantation Fig. 11 VT Tassel . Sometimes these spots (lesions) could be many and could coalesce and make the leaves appear ‘burnt’ hence the name “blights”. Northern Corn Leaf Blight - Key Points. Northern Corn Leaf Blight Purdue extension lesions, and fewer fungal spores. Northern Corn Leaf Blight . The leaves of the infected crop (especially kales) have black or brown circular spots. 3. Also in Bacterial Leaf Streak disease the lesions show slightly wavy edges when compared to the smooth, linear lesion margins of gray leaf spot. Tar spot complex (TSC), caused by at least two fungal pathogens, Phyllachora maydis and Monographella maydis, is one of the major foliar diseases of maize in Central and South America. It is also known as southern corn leaf blight (SCLB). Infected tissues tur n a choc olate br own to re ddish K.P. The more common one in some parts of Africa is caused by the fungus Helminthosporium maydis. Maydis leaf blight (MLB) is caused by the ascomycete fungi Bipolaris maydis and is reported from most maize growing regions of the world including India. Northern corn leaf blight (NCLB) is a foliar disease of corn caused by Exserohilum turcicum, the anamorph of the ascomycete Setosphaeria turcica.With its characteristic cigar-shaped lesions, this disease can cause significant yield loss in susceptible corn hybrids. 2 Brown spot Physoderma maydis The disease normally occurs in areas of high rainfall and high mean temperatures. 5.1.1 (A) Two leaf stage after germination of maize plant Lal BB; Chakravarti BP, 1977. 12 R2 Blister 10 to 14 days after silking . Sporangia are produced at low temperature (20-22°C), while oospores are formed at high temperature. Symptoms of bacterial leaf spot may include black edged lesions, brown spots with yellow halos, or just light and dark areas on the foliage. Alternaria Leaf Spot. Northern corn leaf spot caused by the fungus Cochliobolus carbonum has become more prevalent with the greater use of no-till systems. The occurrence of any specific disease depends on environmental conditions, cultural practices and the hybrid that is grown. Leaf beetles are an irregular pest of maize: The redshouldered leaf beetle is restricted to coastal areas and can infest at any stage of crop growth. 18 Northern Corn Leaf Blight . MAIZE LEAF BLIGHTS. The Banded leaf and sheath blight (BLSB) of maize was first reported from Sri Lanka. Grey leaf spot of maize has emerged as a yield-limiting disease throughout USA and southern Africa in the last 25 years. The spots may occur in bands across the leaf blade. were found to cause the leaf spot symptoms in turmeric (Rathaiah, … In Uttarakhand the disease occur from 850 m to >1900 m altitude. Although remote sensing (RS) techniques are … 2. hederae. P. maydis was also detected in the United States of America in 2015 and since then the pathogen has spread in the maize growing regions of the country. are splashed or wind-blown to upper leaves or to other plants. Septoria leaf spot of tomato plant caused by Septoria lycopersici. dieffenbachiae. Sporangia germinate directly and infect the plants. Leaf Spots. V3 Three Leaf Stage . You can prevent this disease by planting certified seed or disease-free transplants. Plant Disease Reporter, 61(12):1080-1081. 6 V6 Growing Point Differentiation . It has rapidly gained economic importance in several parts of world and has potential to inflict economic loss up to 100 %. maize across the continent, especially outside of the traditionally largest maize growing countries, namely France, Romania and Italy 1 . Cytoplasmic resistance • Governed by genes present in the cytoplasm. Leaf blights is a disease characterized by the appearance of spots on the leaves. With time, the spots enlarge and concentric rings appear on them. 15 R5 Dent 35 to 42 days after silking . 19 Northern Corn Leaf Blight . On hybrids with race-specific resistance, lesions are small and yellow and produce no spores (Figure 4). This system is ideally suited because pathogen virulence on maize is determined by a single metabolite, a toxin produced by the pathogen and inactivated by the host. Pathogen The fungus grows as white downy growth on both surface of the leaves, consisting of sporangiophores and sporangia.Sporangiophores are quite short and stout, branch profusely into series of pointed sterigmata which bear hyaline, oblong or ovoid sporangia (conidia). To gain insight into the mechanistic basis of APR in maize, we have been studying the northern leaf spot (NLS) disease of maize (Zea mays) caused by C. carbonum. Quantitative resistance to plant pathogens, controlled by multiple loci of small effect, is important for food production, food security, and food safety but is poorly understood. Cercospora Leaf Spot: Cercospora leaf spot of finger millet (caused by Cercospora eleusine) is a serious disease in mid and high hills, where rainfall is high and mean daily temperature does not exceed 20°C. Brown spot is a fungal disease that infects the coleoptile, leaves, leaf sheath, panicle branches, glumes, and spikelets.. Its most observable damage is the numerous big spots on the leaves which can kill the whole leaf. Flecking was assessed in the maize nested association mapping ([NAM][1]) population, comprising 4,998 recombinant inbred lines from 25 biparental families, and in … Bacterial leaf spot and blight of Araceae, including Dieffenbachia, Anthurium, Philodendron, and Syngonium is caused by X. axonopodis pv. Alternaria leaf spot is caused by fungus Alternaria brassicae. Taking Germany again as an example, in NCLB lesions may also appear on the leaf sheaths and husks of susceptible hybrids. Symptoms of Bacterial Leaf Spot. sasakii causing banded leaf and sheath blight disease is one of the important pathogens of maize. Spores, surviving in the remains of previous crops, But the lesions from bacteria appear brown, orange, and/or yellow when you infected leaves are back-lit. Brown spot lesion s fir st appear as very small, rou nd-to-ob long, y ellowish spots on the leaf blade (Figure 1) , leaf she ath (Figu re 2), st alk, and r arely on the husks and tassel of the outer ear. Physiological leaf spotting, or flecking, is a mild-lesion phenotype observed on the leaves of several commonly used maize ( Zea mays ) inbred lines and has been anecdotally linked to enhanced broad-spectrum disease resistance. 9 V18 Eighteen Leaf Stage . No. Rhizoctonia solani f. sp. 8 V15 Fifteen Leaf Stage . The disease has been found to occur in Nepal and Uttarakhand hills. Although there are several races of the fungus that cause disease, Race 3 most likely causes the greatest impact in New York State. If you have a proper land and good farm management then you can get the 2500 kg corn yield per hectare. What it does. Although thought to be one species of fungus, Cercospora zeae-maydis, molecular tests have shown that another fungus, C. zeina, is dominant in eastern USA and southern Africa. It attacks leaves, leaf sheaths, stalks, and sometimes outer Black rot on ornamental kale is caused by X. campestris. Bacterial leaf spot on plants may manifest in several different ways. Resistance of maize varieties and lines to Physoderma maydis, causal organism of brown spot of maize in Udaipur, India. 10 VT Tassel . 20. Favorable Environmental Conditions Bacterial stalk and top rot is favored by high temperatures and high relative humidity. It can be a problem in areas of heavy rainfall or where overhead irrigation is used and the water is pumped from a lake, pond, or slow-moving stream. Soutern corn leaf blight in maize, bacterial blight in rice, cotton and tomato, Cercospora leaf spot in sugarbeet, leaf roll virus in poatato, purple leaf spot Contd. 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