Reporting a live cyber attack 24/7 If you are a business, charity or other organisation which is currently suffering a live cyber attack (in progress), please call 0300 123 2040 immediately. When excluding micro and small firms, where senior managers are more likely to have been aware in any case given the smaller working environment, this remains at the same level for medium businesses (89%) and is slightly lower for large businesses (80%). By Press Association Wednesday 9 Dec 2020, 6:57 PM As might be expected, insurance cover is more prevalent in the finance and insurance sector itself. • the proportions of businesses and charities investing in threat intelligence are each slightly higher than in 2018 (by 3 and 5 percentage points respectively). eight in ten businesses say that cyber security is a high priority for their senior management boards (80%, up from 69% in 2016). It helps these organisations understand the nature and significance of the cyber security threats they face, and what others are doing to stay secure. For the latter, we have imputed numeric values from the given banded values. Subway customers receive 'malware' emails, Vaccine documents hacked at EU medicines agency, Construction firm targeted in cyber attack. Since 2019 (when this was first asked), more have also adopted rules around personal data storage and transfer (66% vs. 58%). These exclusions are consistent with previous years, and the survey is considered comparable across years[footnote 2]. We would also like to thank the organisations who endorsed the fieldwork and encouraged businesses to participate, including: Some organisations may be more at risk of cyber security breaches given their reliance on digital services or e-commerce, or employees’ use of personal devices in the workplace. Figure 2.1 shows that half or more organisations – businesses and charities – have online bank accounts, social media pages and hold personal data about customers. Figure 3.6: Percentage of organisations aware of the following government initiatives, guidance or communication campaigns. UK consumers say they are receiving fraudulent emails, apparently from the sandwich chain's brand. Report: Critical Infrastructure Cyber Attacks A Global Crisis October 7, 2020 16:56 by Jack Monahan The systems we rely on to keep the lights on, heat our homes, make our medicines and move our goods are increasingly connecting to the Internet, and increasingly vulnerable to devastating cyber attacks in what a new report calls a looming “global crisis.” The five specific documents or links we covered included: It is worth noting that this was not detailed user testing. Of those three in ten who have some form of cyber insurance, a very small proportion report having made an insurance claim (1% of businesses and 3% of charities). The latter is more prevalent across medium businesses (34%, vs. 23% overall) and large businesses (47%). when they interacted with banks), and wider awareness of data protection because of GDPR. Again, this has been a faster and more substantial shift for charities than for businesses. Figure 3.4: Percentage of organisations over time that never update senior managers on any actions taken around cyber security. Two per cent of businesses and three per cent of charities mention the GOV.UK website. Since 2018, the proportion of businesses estimated to have a cyber security policy has consistently increased, from 27 per cent in 2018 and 33 per cent in 2019, to 38 per cent in 2020. However, our qualitative research indicates that the quality of these audits varies greatly. not every single statistically significant finding has been commented on). Figure 5.9: Changes over time in average (mean) costs for the most disruptive breaches with material outcomes. A difference from the average must be of at least a certain size to be statistically significant. You can change your cookie settings at any time. However, much like the changes in behaviour described in the previous section, information seeking among businesses spiked in the 2019 survey (at 59%) and has since fallen. We also provide broad estimates of the financial cost of these breaches or attacks. Businesses in the finance and insurance sector (40%), the health, social work and social care sector (36%), and the information and communications sector (33%) were each more likely than average (21%) to have all the top four rules and processes in place. The proportions that say they never update them have steadily declined, both for businesses (from 26% in 2016 to 17% in 2020) and charities (from 38% in 2018 to 12% in 2020). Some interviewees remarked that they were too basic for people in technical IT or cyber security roles, but they could still be used to help them educate board members. However, based on testing of previous years’ data, the impact of this omission on the wider data and trends is expected to be negligible[footnote 11]. Figure 4.6: Percentage of organisation with staff whose job role includes information security or governance. This is also the case for most large firms. Figure 5.5: Percentage that had any of the following outcomes, among the organisations that have identified breaches or attacks in the last 12 months. Again, these are presented for all breaches, as well as those with an actual outcome, such as a loss of assets or data. The trends over time for businesses and charities continue to show rising awareness of all three of these initiatives. For example, among micro businesses, the proportion saying cyber security is a high priority has risen by 15 percentage points since 2016 (from 63% to 78%). They merge together the answers from respondents who gave a numeric value as well as those who gave only a banded value (because they did not know the exact answer). Similarly, among the 26 per cent of charities reporting breaches or attacks, a quarter (25%) had material outcomes and over half (56%) were negatively impacted. However, among the medium and large businesses that have identified any breaches or attacks, they are more likely to experience a wider range of attacks. As Figure 5.9 shows, there are indications that costs for breaches with outcomes have risen since 2017 (with adjustments made for inflation). The most common action is carrying out an internal or external audit – half of businesses (50%) and charities (49%) have done this. UK businesses were subjected to 119,659 internet-borne cyber attacks each, on average, in the first quarter of 2019, according to our analysis. Around four in ten businesses (43%) and half of charities (53%) have staff whose job role includes information security or governance (Figure 4.6), which highlights that the cyber security job role is potentially being performed informally across many organisations. The government’s 10 Steps to Cyber Security guidance sets out a comprehensive risk management regime that both businesses and charities can follow to improve their cyber security standards. By contrast, the proportion backing up data via other means has fallen over that period (from 70% to 61%). As Figure 4.5 indicates, the vast majority of businesses and charities have a range of basic rules and controls in place, including around software updates, malware protection, restricted IT admin rights, firewalls and password policies. Tables 5.2 to 5.4 show cost estimates for the single most disruptive breach that organisations have identified in the last 12 months. Figure 6.2: Percentage of organisations that take the following actions, or have these measures in place, for when they experience a cyber security incident. Each individual government source receives very few mentions: For businesses, the proportion using government or public sector sources has increased since the first survey in 2016 (when it was 2%), although it remains uncommon. The business sectors that attach a higher priority to cyber security are: By contrast, the food and hospitality sector and construction sector both tend to treat cyber security as a lesser business priority (only 69% and 70% say it is a high priority, vs. 80% for the average business). In terms of reporting to wider authorities, we came across the following barriers: • a sense that reporting would not make a difference, because it was impossible to catch the perpetrators in some instances (e.g. As with previous years, this highlights the importance of staff vigilance in identifying breaches promptly. They represent the percentage of businesses and charities that say they have all the following rules or controls: having network firewalls, security controls on company-owned devices, restricting IT admin and access rights to specific users, up-to-date malware protection, and applying software updates when they are available. This combination of societal changes was felt to have made staff more receptive to things like cyber security training. It has not diminished. The business figure has been relatively consistent since the 2017 survey, whereas for charities this represents an increase on the 2018 result (when it was 21%). finance and insurance (77%, vs. 55% overall). have reported cyber security breaches to anyone beyond their IT or cyber security providers (27% of businesses and 38% of charities, among those that identified any breaches or attacks). The topics of cyber security skills and training are also dealt with in greater depth in a separate DCMS study published this year. It is, therefore, likely that this is not simply an increase in the number of charities being targeted, but that charities are now paying more attention to breaches or attacks and are better at identifying them. Interviewees felt these guides would prompt discussions around policies and processes. This reflects that charities, especially low-income charities, are more reliant than businesses on personal devices such as mobiles or laptops (covered in Section 2.3). These more formal approaches were often in instances where the audits were: • carried out by insurance companies as part of a cyber insurance policy, • tied to maintaining external accreditations such as ISO 27001 or Cyber Essentials, • demanded and led by client organisations. Broadly, businesses that face the less common types of breaches or attacks, including viruses or ransomware, hacking attempts or other unauthorised use of their computers or networks, are much more likely than average to experience a negative outcome as a result (54%, vs. 19% overall). For example, for a question where 50% of the 1,348 businesses sampled in the survey give a particular answer, the chances are 95 in 100 that this result would not vary more or less than 3.5 percentage points from the true figure – the figure that would have been obtained had the entire UK business population responded to the survey. Figure 5.4: How often organisations have experienced breaches or attacks experienced in the last 12 months. Finance and insurance businesses are also more likely than average to have reviewed their wider supply chains. NCSC says more than a quarter of incidents it responded to over the past year were coronavirus-related. Up to 350,000 customers and staff could have had their information stolen in a ransomware attack. Nonetheless, the 2019 data are markedly different from the other years. It is worth noting that our fieldwork for the 2017 survey was before the WannaCry ransomware attack in May of that year, which affected many UK organisations. Figure 4.5: Percentage of organisations that have the following rules or controls in place. Reporting a live cyber attack 24/7. Across these findings, the survey aims to account for all the types of breaches or attacks that organisations might face. These patterns by size have been very consistent across the years of the survey. • there was also a sense in some interviews that organisations did not know what questions to ask their suppliers. Read about our approach to external linking. ↩, The mean long-term cost estimate for large businesses identifying any breaches or attacks is, counterintuitively, higher than for large businesses identifying breaches or attacks with a material outcome. more businesses (69%, vs. 58% in 2018 – when this was first asked) and charities (61%, vs. 32% in 2018) backing up their data on cloud servers. we carried out 30 in-depth interviews in January and February 2020, to gain further qualitative insights from some of the businesses and charities that answered the survey. Similar proportions have business continuity plans, as Figure 4.10 highlights. The overall estimates of spending on cyber security had been relatively consistent across the years and we did not expect to see any measurable changes this year. “If a security flaw has been announced for Windows or a browser or something, then I’ll read into what the patch is and then go around and do an audit of how the machines are affected, and make sure it’s all working.”. Almost everything is different now, from the way we conduct relationships, more businesses seeking out information and guidance (54%, vs. 44% in 2016), more businesses (35%, vs. 23% in 2016) and charities (37%, vs. 20% in 2018) carrying out cyber security risk assessments, more businesses (43%, vs. 34% in 2016) and charities (53%, vs. 38% in 2018) having staff whose job role includes information security and governance, more businesses (38%, vs. 29% in 2016) and charities (42%, vs. 21% in 2018) having written cyber security policies. Manchester United will not say if they have received ransom demands over the cyber attack on the club last week that forced them to shut down their systems. This work was carried out in accordance with the requirements of the international quality standard for Market Research, ISO 20252, and with the Ipsos MORI Terms and Conditions. In these cases, 41 per cent of businesses take a day or more to recover, or say they have not yet recovered at all (vs. 9% of businesses having any kinds of breaches or attacks, including those without outcomes). external cyber security consultants, IT consultants or managed service providers (mentioned by 27% of businesses and 23% of charities), general online searching (9% of businesses and 7% of charities), any government or public sector source, including government websites, regulators and other public bodies (6% of businesses and 11% of charities). Around half of all organisations who have cyber security policies in place reviewed their policies within the last six months (Figure 4.11). page. As Figure 4.3 shows, across all size bands, this is more likely to be through a broader insurance policy, rather than one that is cyber-specific. For example, around a third of the medium businesses (33%) and large businesses (35%) that identify any breaches or attacks pick out three or more categories from Figure 5.2 (vs. 13% overall). In addition, organisations do not always make cyber security improvements in and of themselves, but in response to broader technological changes. For more information on these common types of cybercrime, see the Are you a victim of cybercrime? Relatively few businesses or charities picked up on these breaches through security monitoring or via antivirus software. It is clear from the trend findings that the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) has played a major role in getting organisations to review and update cyber security policies and processes. As Figure 5.1 illustrates, larger businesses are more likely to identify breaches or attacks than smaller ones – this has been a consistent pattern in each year of the survey. This was 30 per cent in 2018 and 26 per cent in 2019, compared with 23 per cent now. Medium and large businesses tend to have very similar behaviours in this respect. 93% in 2019), although there has not been a consistent trend over time. “Things are changed all the time. Specifically, it requires them to enact basic technical controls across five areas: boundary firewalls and internet gateways, secure configurations, user access controls, malware protection, and patch management (applying software updates). This includes the full report, infographics and the technical and methodological information for each year. The 2017 DBIR revealed the biggest threats in … Organisations continue to have a range of features within their cyber security policies, such as appropriate use of IT, remote working and document management systems (Figure 4.12). The person who, until a year or so ago, was Head of Business Services is now the CEO. Internal audits that were technical in nature would often have an immediate response if they flagged any technical issues. These potential explanations still hold, but the longer trend suggests that the threat to businesses is constant, rather than falling over time. More specific research beyond this survey is needed to better assess whether the costs of breaches with outcomes have truly increased. In line with previous years, while most organisations have certain technical controls such as secure configurations, firewalls and malware protection, they are less likely to have formal cyber security policies – particularly ones covering home working or what can be stored on removable devices. Very few organisations have experienced these kinds of breaches or attacks in past years – among those that identified any breaches or attacks in the 2019 survey, nine per cent of businesses and seven per cent of charities had faced denial-of-service attacks. As Figure 4.8 shows, this long-term change is also seen among medium and large businesses – the ones most likely to have big management boards. The 2019 report discussed the drop in reported breaches and attacks seen across businesses between 2018 and 2019 (from 43% to 32%). Another said that adding an executive summary, a key facts section or more subheadings would improve this. Cyber Attack Trends: 2020 Mid-Year Report Coronavirus Pandemic Drives Criminal and Political Cyberattacks across Networks, Cloud and Mobile A variety of actors with diverse motivations - criminal, political or espionage, leveraged concerns related to COVID-19 to target a whole new set of victims during the first half of 2020. ↩, In previous years of the survey, the mining and quarrying sector was also excluded from the business sample. This might indicate that it is the fraud aspect of phishing attacks, rather than the risks from malicious code (e.g. All these categories are, to an extent, overlapping. They are less likely to say it was a virus or malware attack than in 2017 (7% vs. 20%). Financial audits by external accountants generated an annual report that would be discussed at a board level. Figure 3.2: Percentage of organisations over time where cyber security is seen as a high priority for directors, trustees and other senior managers. The overall effective base size was 763 for businesses (vs. 1,019 in 2019) and 181 for charities (vs. 211 in 2019). Figure 4.12: Percentage of organisations that have each of the following features in their cyber security policies, among those that have policies. DHS has a mission to protect the Nation’s cybersecurity and has … In fact, this survey, the fifth in the series, shows that cyber attacks have evolved and become more frequent. Where it is possible to track changes over time (i.e. Awareness of the 10 Steps guidance has also grown (from 19% in 2018 to 27% in 2020). This publication is licensed under the terms of the Open Government Licence v3.0 except where otherwise stated. where the questionnaire has changed or where certain codes were omitted). Video caption: The New ‘Nigerian Princes’ of hacking? We haven’t replaced the Head of Business Services, but the CEO has carried the local cyber security responsibilities with him.”. This covers topics such as: We also cover the extent to which organisations are meeting the requirements set out in government-endorsed Cyber Essentials scheme and the government’s 10 Steps to Cyber Security guidance. • one organisation raised the issue of different partners having multiple security standards and not being flexible. Any recommendations made off the back of audits typically made their way to management boards. It is not possible to know the extent to which this omission changes the survey data for sure. The Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO) was raised as somewhere to report breaches. “The report’s findings again underline the need for closer public-private sector cooperation if we are to effectively tackle the threat COVID-19 also poses to our cyber health,” concluded the INTERPOL Chief. Figure 4.11: When organisations last created, updated or reviewed their cyber security policies or documentation, among those that have policies. “If we lost client data, that would be reportable straight away.”, “From our perspective, if someone can learn from what we’ve gone through, if one less person can be affected, then it’s a good thing.”. This brief chapter covers the types of organisations that tend to be more exposed to risks in this way. Board engagement has increased over time among both businesses and charities: Improvements over time, in terms of identifying and managing risks, include: Across all these findings, organisations appear to have maintained, but not necessarily enhanced, the technical controls and governance processes they introduced for the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Among the 46 per cent of business and 26 per cent of charities that identified breaches or attacks, the vast majority of businesses (91%) informed their senior managers or directors of their most disruptive breach. It will take only 2 minutes to fill in. It also includes recorded cyber attacks that did not necessarily get past an organisation’s defences (but attempted to do so). Figure 4.10: Percentage of organisations that have the following kinds of documentation. These questions have been removed for the 2020 study, to make space for new questions on cyber insurance and supplier risks. An alternative approach is to focus on the broad patterns in the trend data. Ultimately, the extent to which organisations recognised and took action around supplier-related cyber security risks depended on several broad factors: • if suppliers handled personal data for the organisation in any way, it was typical for organisations to draw up rules and processes around this in formal contracts. As in previous years, there were two strands to the Cyber Security Breaches Survey: Sole traders and public-sector organisations were outside the scope of the survey. Therefore, the findings we report here are very broad. Often, they were part of much broader annual financial audits led by external accountants, where the accountant would cover cyber risks as part of an overall assessment of the organisation’s sustainability. For all percentage results[footnote 3], subgroup differences by size, and sector, as well as changes since the previous surveys, have been highlighted only where statistically significant (at the 95% level of confidence)[footnote 4]. Business Emergency Resilience Group (BERG) Cyber security; SME; This report was commissioned by business leaders sitting on Business in the Community’s (BITC) Business Emergency Resilience Group (BERG) who wanted to understand the cyber security practices of small- and medium-sized business. Department for Digital, Culture, Media & Sport These steps have been mapped to several specific questions in the survey (in Table 4.1). I’m not going to ask them to have the most wonderful cyber security provisions in place. Examples included moving data to remote or cloud servers, starting to submit tax returns online (as part of the government’s Making Tax Digital initiative), migrating to new software or systems like Office 365 or Windows 10, and digitising aspects of the services they delivered. Please note, if you are member of the public you must call to report through our core opening hours. This survey series has consistently shown that almost all UK organisations grapple with cyber security risks, by the fact that almost all have email addresses and the vast majority (81% of businesses and 73% of charities in the 2019 survey) have a website. In terms of how this behaviour has changed over time, it is worth noting that DCMS’s recent cyber security labour market study showed an increase in the proportion of businesses outsourcing between 2018 and 2019 (from 30% to 42%). It is encouraging that the number of businesses experiencing negative impacts from these breaches or attacks has declined. Towards the end of this chapter, we map survey responses to these schemes to estimate how many organisations are operating in line with the guidance. At the same time, we also uncovered multiple reasons for organisations not reporting breaches. Certain types of breaches or attacks are more likely to result in these kinds of negative outcomes. Only two in ten businesses (21%) and a quarter of charities (24%) say they do the aforementioned top four things when responding to cyber security incidents. 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