5 May 2011. A traditional method was to use tillage at the flowering stage every two to four weeks to eventually drain the plants of their reserves5. Canada itself. Biennials require portions of two growing seasons to flower/reproduce. http://www1.agric.gov.ab.ca/$department/deptdocs.nsf/all/prm2585 [3] Brenzil, Clark, Holm, Rick, Hunter, Jim, and Johnston, Eric. Spray too late and frost could damage or kill the top growth, leaving brown or black leaves that won’t adequately absorb the herbicide3. [4] Thomas, Shane. You may find that repeated digging out of roots reduces the problem, but chemical control will provide a quicker solution. Before using any herbicide product, make sure you first have on the proper PPE for safety (gloves, glasses, mask). We recommend using 2,4-D Amine Selective Weed Killer to treat Canada Thistle.This professional-quality herbicide is easy to use and is selective so it will only target the problem weed and leave your desired plants unharmed. Fall, specifically October and early November is a key time to chemically control thistles in pastures. Note that some products traditionally recommended for spraying thistles have recently changed product names. farmers to cut the weed1. research from Scott, Saskatchewan showed that spraying 7 days after crop emergence generated higher yields than spraying 17 days after emergence, no matter the droplet size. There are options at that point of spraying with the same herbicide, or choosing one with a residual that will carry over into spring of the following year,” noted Neilsen. Because of its contribution to the persistence of the weed, Canada thistle's extensive root system must be the target of an effective control program. Some of the common weeds found in pastures that fall is an ideal time to control include spotted knapweed, wild parsnip, biennial thistle species, Canada thistle, horsenettle and a few others. Whether a frost has closed your application window depends on the severity of the frost and subsequent regrowth conditions4. Online. May 3, 2019. The ideal time to get Canada thistle by the roots In the fall, Canada thistle prepares for the winter by sending sugars down to its roots to stock up its reserves 2. When identifying Canada thistle, it will have a more upright growth habit as a rosette, compared to biennial thistles. 2,4-D mixed with dicamba is also an effective option, but should be sprayed when temperatures are warmer for the highest efficacy. So spray this fall and thistles will not be a big problem next year. A weed as persistent as Canada thistle doesn’t have a quick solution. “Canada Thistle.” Saskatchewan Ministry of Agriculture. 1. Canada thistle utilizes fall to put energy into its root system so it can come back up next spring. “4 Tips for Fall Weed Control After Frost.” Real Agriculture. Step 1- Measure and Mix 2,4-D Amine Begin by calculating the square footage (length x width = square footage) of the treatment area to determine how much 2,4-D A… Some rosettes may be three or four feet in diameter by late fall. Canada thistle can regenerate from tiny fragments that are able to Online. They develop from seed the first season as a flat rosette (Figure 1). 29 Apr 2016. In Nebraska we have several biennial thistles, but we mostly deal with musk, plumeless, Scotch, and bull thistles in our pastures. GrazonNext® HL, Milestone®, Chaparral®, Graslan® L, Stinger®, Overdrive®, and Tordon 22K® are all products that are labelled for use on biennial thistles as well as Canada thistle. For more complete control and to avoid your risk of resistance, use a tank-mix partner with another mode of action, like PRIORITY(florasulam). Dr. Wilson reported that fall herbicide applications caused changes in sugars stored in the roots of Canada thistle, and decreased the chances of the weed surviving the winter. After the first frost but before it freezes hard enough to kill above-ground leaves is optimal. Weeds cut during harvest or after tillage may need from four to six weeks to regenerate a new rosette3. Mowing twice a year, in mid-June and September, may reduce or contain Canada thistle but will not eliminate it. •Fall application timing offers more time … 9 Jan 2015. However, there’s no herbicide that controls Canada thistle without killing alfalfa and clover as well1. Most of the herbicides used for control of thistles also kill desirable forbs, so spot spraying individual plants or patches rather than broadcast spraying the entire pasture can spare valuable forbs. At this time, plants begin to send their resources down to the roots to prepare for winter. If you do happen to cut a few off, wait for the plant to start to recover slightly before spraying. Online. Prior to that, regrowth was slow and growth diminished. Fall is a key time to target these rosettes and to help mitigate seed production the following season. I am considering spot spraying with Glyphosate this fall before it freezes and then follow up each spring and fall for the next few years. For the best long-term control, fall spraying is ideal. While in the rosette stage thistles are more effectively controlled using herbicides. Canada thistle has been threatening western Canadian farmers with •University of Nebraska research reports Canada thistle is more susceptible to herbicides when applied in the fall following a light frost. Easier to remove than Canada Thistle, Bull Thistle is by no means a weak weed. Online. The spraying window in the fall probably extends until the ground is frozen and the musk thistle plants have shut down activity until warmer temperatures in the spring. 4. 29 Apr 2016. Biennial thistles, such as musk (Carduus nutans L.), plumeless (Carduus acanthoides L.) and bull thistle [Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Tenore], are not as difficult to control as the perennial thistle species, but spread rapidly and can become severe problems in some areas. Even a plant, ready to cause problems in the spring2. Communications Bldg.Lincoln, NE 68583-0918. [1]  Isaacs, Julienne. 1 Oct 2012. Keep in mind, a systemic herbicide is only effective if: Spray too soon and you won’t have enough surface area for the application to provide control. “Canada thistle still on ‘least wanted’ list.” Grain News. survive in tough conditions for over three months2. The deep, creeping roots send new shoots popping up along lengths that extend up to 20 feet, making the weed difficult to control once it takes hold. “Canada Thistle.” Alberta Agriculture and Forestry. https://www.grainews.ca/2016/04/29/canada-thistle-still-on-least-wanted-list/, http://www1.agric.gov.ab.ca/$department/deptdocs.nsf/all/prm2585, http://agriculture.gov.sk.ca/adx/aspx/adxGetMedia.aspx?DocID=2250,339,185,81,1,Documents&MediaID=6497&Filename=Canada+Thistle+and+its+Control+-+Printer+Friendly.pdf, https://www.realagriculture.com/2012/10/4-tips-for-fall-weed-control-after-frost/, http://www.producer.com/2011/05/organic-farmers-share-canada-thistle-ta. UNL web framework and quality assurance provided by the, Apply to the University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Give to the University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Strengthening Nebraska's Agricultural Economy, Nevin Lawrence - Integrated Weed Management Specialist, Chris Proctor - Weed Management Extension Educator. For more information on managing Canada thistle and other perennial weeds on your farm, read our whitepaper, Fighting Weeds in the Fall. Online. 105 Ag. And perennial Canada thistle is preparing for winter so herbicide uptake is high, resulting in more complete control. http://www.producer.com/2011/05/organic-farmers-share-canada-thistle-ta, Corporate Headquarters300 - 191 Lombard AveWinnipeg, Manitoba R3B 0X1Tel:1.855.264.6262, The plant is actively moving its reserves to the roots and, The plant has enough healthy top growth to absorb the spray, Time of day is also important as glyphosate becomes less effective in the late evening, early morning and before and after frost, Whether a frost has closed your application window depends on the severity of the frost and subsequent regrowth conditions. [1]  Isaacs, Julienne. “Organic farmers share Canada thistle tales of woe.” Western Producer. Biennial thistles spread only by seed (achenes) that are produced in great number by all the noxious species, ran… Fall is the most economical and most effective time to treat these prickly pasture pests. 2. Canada thistle is a creeping perennial that can be controlled with fall spraying, in conjunction with other management options in the spring. “Canada Thistle.” Alberta Agriculture and Forestry. Most thistle seedlings this fall will be small, in a flat, rosette growth form, and they are very sensitive now to certain herbicides. Both products will kill woody plants. deep roots are the real issue. Always read and follow all label directions. All biennial thistles considered noxious are native to Europe or Eurasia, and were introduced into North America as seed contaminants. Nov 2008. You can consider adding a strong competitor to Canada thistle in your crop rotation, like alfalfa or clover1. When possible, spray late in the morning or early afternoon when it’s warm and plants are most actively growing. The area has been wet for several years and not cut which has allowed the thistle to get well established. [2] Kimmel, Nicole. When using Tordon 22K® or Graslan® L, both products are redistricted use and contain picloram, use extreme caution around other vegetation, especially trees. The use of tradenames is for educational purposes only and not an endorsement. For Canada thistle, fall is the most effective time to spray. Proper identification of thistles is key to picking the proper chemical control. 5 May 2011. Several products are effective for all thistles, but some herbicides have higher efficacies depending on the thistle species. There are many herbicides labeled for thistle control. Online. Early frost in some areas did not affect Canada thistle foliage and the outlook for warm, sunny weather (60 to 70F) is excellent for response to fall spraying. Musk thistle is extremely aggressive. Organic Canada Thistle Control. But with the right glyphosate tank-mix partner, along with cultural solutions, like early seeding and tillage, you can regain control over time. 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